For my presentation today I'm going to talk about some of the issues facing the cruise ship industry and then some ways these can be addressed. The cruise ship industry has partly been responsible for the effects of overtourism in recent decades. Overtourism occurs in places where excessive numbers of tourists cause significant problems. Pollution【Q31】, for example, is among the greatest threats to many popular tourist destinations.
Of course, for many places it's a difficult balance to achieve. They want to promote their city or island as a desirable tourist destination, but at the same time, are unable to cope with thousands of cruise ship passengers on a daily basis. The trouble is, excessive tourism is destroying the beauty spots and places of interest that people come to visit. Several cities, such as Barcelona, have responded by imposing a tax【Q32】 which all visitors to the city from cruise ships have to pay. But as it's only a couple of euros, many green campaigners think it won't deter enough people to make any difference.
Bruges is another city which became impossible to navigate at times because of the huge numbers of cruise passengers arriving on day trips from the port of Zeebrugge. The city was becoming like a 'theme park', with shops only catering for tourists, selling chocolate【Q33】, which Belgium is famous for, and other souvenirs. The local council took action to limit cruise passengers to a more manageable level.
Dubrovnik had to limit the numbers of cruise ships after it became extremely popular as a cruise ship destination when it featured in a hugely successful TV series. What it does now is control the timing【Q34】 of all cruise ship entries to the city's port. However, many people feel this measure does not go far enough.
Cruise ships may be unpopular in some of their destinations but they also have an image problem. They've always been perceived as a safe holiday for the elderly, with not much on offer for families or young couples. A recent survey showed that cost【Q35】 is also a major factor in putting younger groups off going on a cruise. But what they don't realise is that compared to other types of package holidays, cruises can actually be good value, as all activities and drinks are often included. And another perception is that cruises have lots of rules【Q36】 about what to wear and how to behave. But these days, most cruises are no longer very formal and behind the times.
So what solutions are there for cruise lines to overcome some of these problems? How can they appeal to younger customers? Well one selling point is that cruise ships are becoming more sustainable. New ships are built with hybrid engines with large batteries which means ships do not have to keep their engines running while docked.
Cruise lines are also designing ships specially for those in the age range of 21 to 45. The décor in these feels contemporary and there are a range of activities on board that you wouldn't find on a more traditional cruise. There's even a boxing ring on one ship, and most offer diving【Q37】 expeditions. But there's also a huge focus on well-being with a variety of sessions of different kinds.
Food is always a very important part of any cruise and cruise ships have had to radically update their menus to suit the tastes of their younger customers. Vegan【Q38】 dishes are standard, for example. The restaurants on board have also gone paperless with menus available on screen.
Unlike older generations who went on cruises largely to get away from everything, younger people expect to be able to keep in touch with friends and family. Many people going on longer cruises also spend time working, so companies have to guarantee wifi【Q39】 that can be relied upon at all times.
My grandparents used to love looking through cruise brochures, even when they weren't planning on going on a cruise. Until very recently TV ads for cruises always felt dated and aimed at retirees. Cruise lines have been slow to adopt the power of social media but that's all changing. Leading cruise lines now employ top agencies to produce first rate videos【Q40】 for social media channels.
It will be interesting to see whether ...
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
听前预测：定位词 overtourism，提示词 is one of、worst problems，此处应填名词（不可数）。
题目解析：开篇引入主题 overtourism，随后举例引出核心问题，进入 31 题出题区间。原文定位句为“Overtourism occurs in places where excessive numbers of tourists cause significant problems. Pollution, for example, is among the greatest threats to many popular tourist destinations.”，意为“过度旅游发生在游客数量过多并引发严重问题的地区。例如，污染就是众多热门旅游地面临的最大威胁之一。”题干 one of the worst problems 与音频 among the greatest threats 语义完全对应。根据题干搭配要求，判断 Pollution 为该题正确答案，故填写。
听前预测：定位词 Barcelona，提示词 a tourist，此处应填单数名词。
题目解析：承接上一题针对过度旅游的治理对策，提到 Barcelona 作为案例，进入 32 题出题区间。原文定位句为“Several cities, such as Barcelona, have responded by imposing a tax which all visitors to the city from cruise ships have to pay.”，意为“巴塞罗那等几座城市对此作出应对，向所有乘坐邮轮到访本市的游客征收专项税费。”题干的 being introduced（推行）对应音频中的 imposing（征收）。根据题干结构“A tourist is being introduced”，判断音频中 imposing a tax 中的 tax 符合搭配要求，表明专门向游客收取的税费，故填写。
听前预测：定位词 Bruges、theme park、shops，提示词 stocking、and souvenirs，此处应填商品类名词。
题目解析：话题切换至 Bruges 案例，描述城市逐渐变成“主题乐园”（theme park），商铺只售卖旅游商品，进入 33 题出题区间。原文定位句为“The city was becoming like a 'theme park', with shops only catering for tourists, selling chocolate, which Belgium is famous for, and other souvenirs.”，意为“这座城市渐渐变得像一座‘主题公园’，商铺只服务游客，售卖比利时闻名于世的巧克力及其他各类纪念品。”题干的 stocking（备货）对应音频中的 selling；题干“ and souvenirs”对应 chocolate and other souvenirs，并列关系完全吻合。因此确认 chocolate 为该题正确答案，故填写。
听前预测：定位词 Dubrovnik，提示词 managing the、of cruise ship arrivals，此处应填名词。
题目解析：听到题干信息原词出现“Dubrovnik had to limit the numbers of cruise ships”，准 备抓取。原文答案句为“What it does now is control the timing of all cruise ship entries to the city’s port.”，意为“它如今采取的措施是管控所有邮轮进入该市港 口的时间。”control 对应 managing，cruise ship entries 对应 cruise ship arrivals。根据题干结构“managing the of cruise ship arrivals”，判断音频中 control the timing of all cruise ship entries 的 timing 符合该题搭配，故填写。注意：timing 不同于普通单词 time，time 仅表示时间，timing 强调人为调控的时段安排，贴合当地管控邮轮抵达时段的政策。
听前预测：提示词 assumption、the、of cruises，此处应填名词。
题目解析：该题定位信息较弱，考生需结合上一行信息辅助定位。听到该题上一行信息 elderly 原词出现，准备抓取。原文答案句为“A recent survey showed that cost is also a major factor in putting younger groups off going on a cruise.”，意为“近期一项调查显示，费用也是令年轻群体不愿选择邮轮旅行的一大主要因素。”根据题干结构“the of cruises”，判断 cost 一词符合搭配要求，故填写。题干 assumption 意为“主观设想、固有成见”，对应音频内容“年轻人普遍主观认为邮轮出游开销很大，这是大众存在的刻板印象”，契合小标题 Problems of perception（认知误区）。该题理解难度较大，考生抓词搭配题干是得分的高效方法。
听前预测：提示词 too many，此处应填复数名词。
题目解析：上一题讲完邮轮出行成本高，音频出现分层逻辑词 And another perception，标志进入该题出题区间，无须寻找题干原词即可锁定范围。原文答案句为“And another perception is that cruises have lots of rules about what to wear and how to behave.”，意为“另外还有一种看法，就是邮轮对于着装和行为举止有着诸多规定。”people think 对应 another perception，too many 对应 lots of。根据题干结构，判断 rules 符合搭配要求，故填写。本段罗列大众对邮轮的三大刻板印象——邮轮适合老年人，人们误以为邮轮出行成本高（Q35 cost），大家认为邮轮上有大量规矩（Q36 rules）。
听前预测：定位词 activities、well-being programmes，提示词 boxing，此处应填名词。
题目解析：听到题干信息 activities 和 boxing 原词出现，标志进入该题出题区间，准备抓取。原文答案句为“There's even a boxing ring on one ship, and most offer diving expeditions. But there's also a huge focus on well-being with a variety of sessions of different kinds.”，意为“甚至有一艘邮轮上还设有拳击台，而且大多数邮轮都提供潜水探险项目。不过邮轮也十分注重康养体验，开设了各式各样的体验课程。”该句中 boxing、diving、well-being 构成题干并列三项，diving expeditions 中 expeditions 是后置修饰成分，核心活动名词为 diving，故填写。
听前预测：定位词 food，提示词 including、options，此处应填形容词修饰 options，是一种饮食类型。
题目解析：听到题干信息 food 原词出现，标志进入该题出题区间，准备抓取。原文答案句为“Vegan dishes are standard, for example.”意为“例如，纯素菜肴已是标配。”dishes 对应题干 food，“ options”对应 vegan dishes，这里 vegan 是形容词，作 dishes 的定语，与题干结构一致，因此填写 vegan（纯素食的），表示邮轮提供包括纯素食在内的多样化食品选择。
听前预测：提示词 reliable，此处应填名词，表示邮轮提供的物品或服务。
题目解析：题干缺少醒目定位词，依靠篇章过渡句“Unlike older generations...younger people expect...”判断话题切换，同时利用 38 题 food 话题结束的位置锁定答题区域。利用提示词预判的词性 + 语义范围，抓取名词（物品 / 服务）。答案句为“Many people going on longer cruises also spend time working, so companies have to guarantee wifi that can be relied upon at all times.”，意为“很多参加长途邮轮旅行的人还会抽时间工作，所以邮轮公司必须保证无线网络时刻稳定可用。”reliable 对应 can be relied upon，因此判断 wifi 符合题干搭配，故填写。
听前预测：定位词 marketing、social media，提示词 high quality，此处应填名词。
题目解析：听到题干信息 social media 原词出现，标志进入该题出题区间，准备抓取。原文答案句为“Leading cruise lines now employ top agencies to produce first rate videos for social media channels.”，意为“头部邮轮公司如今聘请顶尖机构，为社交媒体平台制作高质量视频。”high quality 对应 first rate（一流的、高品质的），social media 对应 social media channels”，判断 videos 符合题干搭配要求，故填写。
