Today's lecture is about studies that look at how music therapy can be used to help patients who undergo surgery. Now, most people undergo a surgical procedure at some point in their lives. And more than fifty-one million operations are performed annually in the USA. But there's no escaping the fact that most patients feel uncomfortable following surgery. They may have difficulty mobilising, and even sitting up in bed can feel too much. They may also be negatively affected by having their routine【Q31】 disturbed, you know, like if they can't do the things they normally do, or have to devote a lot of time to appointments such as physiotherapy, to aid their recovery.

Currently, the main strategy for improving recovery is medication to control pain, and this can be administered to patients in the short, medium or longer term, depending on the extent of their surgery. But music is still not an everyday part of the post-surgical phase, despite a wealth of relevant studies supporting its potential in recovery.

Earlier this year, a research team set out to assess all the available evidence so that they could highlight the potential for music in surgical recovery. They identified nearly a hundred trials【Q32】 involving a total of seven thousand patients who were played recorded music as part of their post-operative care. The researchers then looked at what impact the music had on the patients. They discovered that patients who had been played music reported feeling happier and more satisfied in the post-operative phase, and the length of their stay was shorter than for patients who had not listened to any music.

The researchers also explored the patients' choice of music, and their findings showed that a wide variety of music styles was evident. However, a common factor was that the chosen music had a calming【Q33】 quality. Some of the patients listened to music with headphones, but it was quiet enough not to prevent them from being able to communicate with nurses and other staff. More often though, the mode of delivery was by what are known as music pillows 【Q34】. These broadcast sound that is only audible to the person lying on them. The research involved testing music before, during or after operations or a combination. Some patients listened to the music just once a day, while others had several episodes a day.

When asked to report their experience of listening to music, surgical patients said that either they had no feelings of anxiety【Q35】 at any point, or those feelings were only slight. Patients who hadn't listened to music, on the other hand, reported higher levels of dissatisfaction. This feedback from all of the patients was then cross-checked against their medical notes. And in every case, those who were given music to listen to didn't need as much medication【Q36】 to ease their pain as those patients who weren't played music. The type of music, patient choice and timing, before, during or after the surgery didn't make much difference. And it even worked when patients were played music under general anaesthetic, although the positive effects were greater when patients were awake【Q37】.

All the evidence suggests that music has a positive effect on post-operative patients, but it's not entirely clear how or why this is the case. A lot of people listen to music in daily life as a way to relax and forget their problems, but the researchers came to the conclusion that it worked on patients by distraction【Q38】. I suppose it was something familiar and gave them something they could control.

The researchers say there is now sufficient research to demonstrate that music should be available to all patients undergoing operations. They say patients should be able to choose what they'd like to listen to, and if they prefer, recordings taken from nature【Q39】 can be just as good as music. Surgical teams may prefer patients to listen to music before the procedure or as soon as they arrive back onto the ward. Clearly, there's more to learn about this area, and the team now plan to focus their next research on the most appropriate volume【Q40】 to play the music at. And I look forward to reading the results of their study.

It will be interesting to see ...

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

答案与解析
练习推荐
我的答案
31.
未作答
32.
未作答
33.
未作答
34.
未作答
35.
未作答
36.
未作答
37.
未作答
38.
未作答
39.
未作答
40.
未作答
正确答案
31.
routine
32.
trials
33.
calming
34.
pillows
35.
anxiety
36.
medication
37.
awake
38.
distraction
39.
nature
40.
volume
题目解析

听前预测:定位词为 discomfort,提示词为 unwelcome changes to their,此处应填名词,作介词 to 的宾语。

题目解析:先听到定位信息,“But there's no escaping the fact that most patients feel uncomfort-able following surgery.”意为“但无可否认的事实是,大多数患者在术后都会感到不适。”其中题干的 discomfort 原文被替换为 uncomfortable,注意开始带着目标识别听觉信息重点。继续听到 They may have difficulty mobilising, and even sitting up in bed can feel too much,意为“他们可能难以活动,甚至只是在床上坐起来都觉得受不了”,注意本句信息为 discomfort 具象化的展开描述。继续听 到“They may also be negatively affected by having their routine disturbed, you know, like if they can't do the things they normally do, or have to devote a lot of time to appointments such as physiotherapy, to aid their recovery.”,意为“他们也可能因为日常规律被打乱而受到负面影响——比如无法做平时习惯做的事情,或者不得不花费大量时间参加理疗等预约来帮助恢复。”其中 routine 符合用词搭配,原文 negatively affected、disturbed 被替换为题干提示信息 unwelcome changes,以及随后出现在 routine 一词后的展开描述,都进一步印证其为答案。

听前预测:定位词为 data、100,提示词为 from about 100,此处应填名词,内容为研究数据的来源,搭配 100 出现。

题目解析:本题答案较为简单,直接出现在定位信息后,“They identified nearly a hundred trials involving a total of seven thousand patients who were played recorded music as part of their post-operative care.”意为“他们筛选出近一百项试验,共涉及七千名患者,这些患者在术后护理过程中都播放了录制好的音乐。”其中 100 后的 trials 一词直接搭配,为正确答案,而题干定位词 data 在原文被具象化为 7000 patients,进一步确认答案。

听前预测:提示词为 all listened to music with a、effect,此处应填以辅音开头的名词或形容词,修饰名词 effect,内容为所有病人听音乐达到的某种效果。

题目解析:本题词性名词形容词都可以,且没有明显定位信息,注意把握文本叙事推动, 结合题干的框架结构。听过 32 题和 33 题之间的冗长信息后,首先听到逻辑词 also 推动文本叙事,“The researchers also explored the patients' choice of music, and their findings showed that a wide variety of music styles was evident.”意为“研究人员还探讨了患者对音乐的选择,他们的研究结果表明,音乐风格多种多样,这 一点很明显。”没有符合题干用词搭配的信息。继续听到“However, a common factor was that the chosen music had a calming quality.”,意为“然而,一个共同因 素是所选音乐都具有使人平静的特质。”其中 calming 符合预判的方向以及命题用词搭配。题干 effect 被近义替换为原文的 quality,而题干限定信息 all 体现的整体共性,对应原文 a common factor(多项案例中存在的共同特征),进一步确认其为答案。本题注意发音的辨认,可以加强跟读。

听前预测:提示词为 mostly played through music,此处应填名词,内容为播放音乐的途径。 题目解析:从 33 题开始命题就连续出现,没有小标题框架结构提示逻辑结构,且题干信

息弱的情况下,命题难度会加大。要加强预判词性内容,通过预判方向侧重听觉识别信息方向,不要盯着题干找。先听到“Some of the patients listened to music with headphones, but it was quiet enough not to prevent them from being able to communicate with nurses and other staff.”,意为“部分患者用耳机听音乐,但音量足够低,不会妨碍他们与护士及其他工作人员交流。”其中 headphones 符合预判方向,但是原文的 some 这一表述不对应题干信息 mostly,待定,继续听。听到转折词后强调“More often though, the mode of delivery was by what are known as music pillows.”,意为“不过,更多时候,音乐的传递方式是借助所谓的音乐枕头。”其中 pillows 符合预判方向,题干 mostly 对应原文 more often,因此 pillows 为正确答案,排除 headphones。

听前预测:提示词为 patients reported an absence or low levels of,此处应填名词,内容为病人报告缺乏或低水平的情况。

题目解析:短暂的停顿后,先听到“When asked to report their experience of listening to music, surgical patients said that either they had no feelings of anxiety at any point, or those feelings were only slight.”,意为“当被问及听音乐的感受时,手术患者表示,他们要么完全没有焦虑感,要么只有轻微的焦虑。”其中 anxiety 符合预判方向,正确。其中题干信息 absence 对应原文 no feelings,而 low levels 对应原文 slight,注意该替换比较隐蔽,且顺序和命题不一致,不要盯着题干表达找,要关注听时符合的信息价值。

听前预测:定位词 medical records,提示词为 needed less、than those who weren't played music,此处应填名词,此处应填不可数名词,内容为听音乐的病人对比不听音乐的病人,不那么需要的对象。

题目解析:本题先听到定位信息“This feedback from all of the patients was then cross-checked against their medical notes.”,意为“随后,所有患者的这些反馈都与他们的病历 进行了核对。”其中题干 medical records 对应原文 medical notes,注意开始带着 目标方向识别听觉重点。继续听到“And in every case, those who were given mu-sic to listen to didn't need as much medication to ease their pain as those patients who weren't played music.”,意为“在每一个案例中,那些听音乐患者缓解疼痛所需的药物不如那些没有听音乐的患者多。”其中该对比论证中强调了 medication 用量的差异,该词符合预判方向,且比较对象均满足题干限定,故为正确答案。

听前预测:提示词为 best results、while they were,此处应填为病人播放音乐时病人的描述,可能是形容词、现在分词或者过去分词,描述病人状态。

题目解析:随后听到“The type of music, patient choice and timing, before, during or after the surgery didn't make much difference.”,意为“音乐的类型、患者的选择以及时间安排(手术前、手术中或手术后)并没有产生太大差异。”此时出现较多并列对象,但不可能选择任何一个填写,都不符合预判方向,而是笼统的概述。继续听到“And it even worked when patients were played music under general anaesthetic, although the positive effects were greater when patients were awake.”,意为“即使在全身麻醉状态下给患者播放音乐也同样有效,尽管在患者清醒时正面效果更大。”其中 awake 符合预判方向,是对病人状态的描述,且题干 best results 替换为原文 positive effects were greater,通过比较关系体现,表明 awake是答案。

听前预测:提示词为 concluded、effective、served as a,此处应填单数可数辅音开头名词,内容为播放音乐有效的作用机制。

题目解析:先听到“All the evidence suggests that music has a positive effect on post-operative patients, but it's not entirely clear how or why this is the case.”,意为“所有证据都表明音乐对术后患者有积极影响,但尚不完全清楚其作用机制或原因。”其中 positive effect 虽然对应本题题干信息 effective,但是没有明确内容可以对应。继 续听到“A lot of people listen to music in daily life as a way to relax and forget their problems, but the researchers came to the conclusion that it worked on patients by distraction.”,意为“很多人在日常生活中听音乐是为了放松和忘却烦恼,但研究人员得出结论认为,音乐是通过分散注意力的方式对患者起作用的。”其中 distraction 是音乐发挥作用的主要机制,符合预判方向,为正确答案。题干信息 effective 在原文被进一步替换为 worked on patients,题干信息 concluded 在原文 被替换为 conclusion。

听前预测:提示词为 researchers recommend、sounds from,此处应填名词,内容为研究人员推荐的、声音的来源。

题目解析:上一题结束后,先听到“The researchers say there is now sufficient research to demonstrate that music should be available to all patients undergoing operations.”,意为“研究人员表示,目前已有足够的研究证明,音乐应该提供给所有接受手术的患者。”其中 researchers 对应题干信息,但没有符合预判方向的内容。继续听到“They say patients should be able to choose what they'd like to listen to, and if they prefer, recordings taken from nature can be just as good as music.”,意为“他们说患者应该能够选择他们想听的内容,而且如果他们愿意,用来自大自然的声音录制的音频,同样可以像音乐一样有效。”其中 nature 符合预判方向,为正 确答案。原文 they say patients should 被替换为题干信息 researchers recommend,题干的 sound 在原文中被具象化替换为 recordings,而题干 music 在后文 as good as music 中出现。

听前预测:提示词为 future study、best,此处应填名词,内容为未来研究调查音乐的研究方向。

题目解析:本题听到题干信息 Clearly, there's more to learn about this area,意为“显然,这个领域还有更多需要探索的地方”,其中 more to learn about this area 是总起过渡,主要带着目标识别理解的信息。随后听到 and the team now plan to focus their next research on the most appropriate volume to play the music at,意为“该团队现在计划将下一项研究的重点放在播放音乐的最合适音量上”。原文的 their next research 被替换为题干的 future study,并且 volume 符合预判方向,另外题干信息 best 被 替换为原文的 most appropriate,确认其为答案。本题单词注意一词多义,体积这一含义明显不符合语境,注意结合用词搭配、语境判断语义。

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正确
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